Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Single Clove Garlic in Kashmir Himalayas

Abstract

Aim: The primary aim of this research investigation was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of aqueous and acetone extracts of single clove garlic of Kashmir valley like antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic. Introduction: The garlic or Allium sativum (growing wild in Kashmir Valley) is a species is a medicinally and pharmacologically important species. It has been reported of significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-cold and cytotoxic activities. Experimental: The two different solvent extracts of single clove garlic were prepared using water and acetone. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Antibacterial activity was tested against gram positive Styplococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa by performing well diffusion technique. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of the extracts was investigated against A549 lung cancer cells using WST-1 assay. Results: The results indicated that both the extracts showed significant DPPH scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities with acetone extract showing close activity to that of reference control. The well diffusion method involved in the antibacterial analysis of the extracts revealed higher inhibition of gram positive bacteria than that of gram negative bacterial strains but highest inhibition was here recorded for Styplococcus aureus by acetone extract of the single clove garlic. Moreover, the results from WST-1 assay indicated that acetone extract has a significant potential to inhibit proliferation of A549 cancer cells by inducing cytotoxicity. Acetone extract reduced the viability of A549 cells to 10% at higher concentration. Conclusion: We concluded that the single clove wild garlic growing in Kashmir Himalaya has a remarkable pharmacognostic features. The results showed aqueous and acetone extracts exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities