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An Effective and Beneficial Plant Growth Promoting Soil Bacterium “Rhizobium”: A Review

Abhinav Datta, Ravi Kant Singh*, Shashi Kumar, Surendra Kumar

Abstract


Rhizobium is a soil habitat, gram negative bacterium which is associated symbiotically with the roots of leguminous plants. The symbiosis is based on specific recognisation of signal molecules produced by bacteria and its plant partners. Process of symbiosis results in Biological Nitrogen Fixation in which atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into ammonia (NH3) and is subsequently available for plants, and in turn plants provide nutrients to the bacterium. This genus of bacteria is aerobic in nature and produces acidic reaction on Mineral Salt Medium or carbohydrates. Presently, Rhizobium is classified into groups Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Azorhizobium and Sinorhizobium. As a Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Rhizobium promotes overall growth and development of the plant through direct and indirect mechanisms. To reduce the utilization of chemical fertilizers which disturbs the ecosystem, biofertilizers are prepared commercially. Bioinoculant of rhizobia can effectively improve the agricultural yield and productivity which indicates that Rhizobium is an effective Plant growth promoting microbe.

Keywords


Rhizobium; Biological Nitrogen Fixation; Symbiosis; PGPR; Biofertilizer

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References


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