Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Role in Heavy Metal Detoxification in Plants

Abstract

Heavy metals in rhizospheric soil are difficult to break down and can easily migrate, endangering both human health and the environment. As a result, heavy metal pollution in rhizospheric soil is one of the most serious environmental problems facing the world. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are rhizosphere microorganisms that can help plants grow and increase agricultural productivity. PGPR can alter heavy metal bioavailability in the rhizosphere microenvironment, and enhance the uptake of heavy metal, and phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal-contaminated soils. Recent research has shown that PGPR can improve phytoremediation efficiency for heavy-metal-contaminated soil. This paper provides a systematic review of PGPR mechanisms that improve plant-heavy metal interactions, such as chelation, induction of systemic resistance, and increased bioavailability, as well as promote plant growth through nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, iron solubilization, potassium solubilization, and plant hormone secretion. Future research on PGPR should address the issues of heavy metal removal by phytoremediation