Fruit Susceptibility of African Plum (Dacryodes edulis [G. Don] H. J. Lam) to Post-Harvest Fungi and Response of Some Pathogenic Fungi to Different Phytoextracts

Joseph Fovo Djeugap, Joachim Manfo Kuenbou, Arlette Meli Sonkoue, Alain Heu, Aime Magloire Tenkap Njopkou, Merveille Ebongo Assougouma, Joliesse Koagne Nouteka

Abstract


Edible fruits of African plum (called safou) are very perishable because of their susceptibility to unknown post-harvest fungi with the aim of contributing to the management of…., eight varieties of safou (base on the pulp color) were collected in the fields and markets and associated fungi were isolated and, identified using morphological approaches. Then, the bioactivity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of three medicinal plants was evaluated against four pathogenic fungi selected after the pathogenicity test. The main post-harvest and aggressive fungi isolated on infected African plum fruits were: Fusarium oxysporum (occurrence=16.93%) Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (13.71%), Pestalotiopsis microspora (16.2%) and Cercospora sp. (15.32%). The fruits with whitish, yellowish and pinkish pulps were more susceptible to post-harvest pathogenic fungi while fruit pulps with green phenotype (light, dark and reddish green) were less susceptible. The bioactivity of aqueous extracts of C. ambrosioides and C. longa was similar to Mancozeb at 100 mg/mL against Cercospora sp. and they totally inhibited the growth of the pathogen. The effect of the ethanolic extract of C. ambrosioides at 100 mg/mL and C. longa at 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL was fungicidal (killed the fungus) to all the four pathogenic fungi. This study highlights for the first time that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. ambrosioides and C. longa are potentials natural products that may be used to formulate a bio product for the management of post-harvest diseases of African plum.


Keywords


Botanical fungicide, Curcuma longa, Dacryodes edulis L., Fruit susceptibility, Post-harvest fungi

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