Assessment of Mito-inhibitory and Genotoxic effects of two Organophosphate Pesticides in the root tip cells of Allium cepa L.

Vishnu Shankar Sinha, Nandjee Kumar*

Abstract


The present paper reports the effect of two organophosphate pesticides viz. Monocrotophos (MCP) and Chlorpyrifos (CPF) on mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal abnormalities in the meristametic region of root tip cells of Allium cepa L. Root tips of Allium cepa L were treated with two agrochemicals Viz Monocrotophos (MCP) and Chlorpyrifos (CPF) in different concentrations (0.12%, 0.25%.0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00%) and were squashed in 2% acetocarmine. Mitotic index was calculated from each treatment as the number of dividing cells/100 cells and chromosomal abnormalities were counted in the different mitotic stages. The result showed that chromosomal abnormalities such as laggards, stickiness, bridges, binucleate, micronuclei and fragments gradually increased with increasing concentration of the pesticides, however mitotic index (MI) was greatly reduced by the pesticides. Interestingly, frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was recorded as Stickiness > Fragment >   Bridge > Laggards > Binucleate > Micronuclei. It was further noted that the frequency of cell division was suppressed due to the toxic effect of organophosphate pesticides. The chromosomal abnormalities may be the result of direct attack of pesticides on chromosomal material. It was interesting to note that the Monocrotophos (MCP) was more effective than Chlorpyrifos (CPF).

Keywords


Organophosphate Pesticides; Mitotic index; Chromosomal abnormalities; Allium cepa L.

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References


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